fix(newlib): add missing __atomic_test_and_set for RISCV chips wo 'a' extension

Before the change described in
https://gcc.gnu.org/pipermail/gcc-patches/2023-September/631393.html it
appeared that inlining built-in GCC function __atomic_test_and_set() was
incorrect. It resulted in a non-atomic write.
After the change now present in GCC, the IDF should include the function
__atomic_test_and_set() to successfully link the final binary.

Closes https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/15167

components/newlib/src/stdatomic.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015-2024 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015-2025 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
@@ -32,6 +32,14 @@ ATOMIC_FUNCTIONS(1, unsigned char)
 ATOMIC_FUNCTIONS(2, short unsigned int)
 ATOMIC_FUNCTIONS(4, unsigned int)
 
+#ifndef __clang__
+/* LLVM automatically replaces __atomic_test_and_set -> __atomic_exchange_1 call when compiling */
+bool __atomic_test_and_set(volatile void *ptr, int memorder)
+{
+    return __atomic_exchange_1(ptr, true, memorder);
+}
+#endif
+
 #elif __riscv_atomic == 1
 
 bool CLANG_ATOMIC_SUFFIX(__atomic_always_lock_free)(unsigned int size, const volatile void *)