Do not match cpython 3.10 for cpython-3.1 (#17972)

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## Summary

<!-- What's the purpose of the change? What does it do, and why? -->
bug fix, in find version 3.1 should not match 3.10

## Test Plan

<!-- How was it tested? -->

---------

Co-authored-by: konstin <konstin@mailbox.org>
Co-authored-by: Zanie Blue <contact@zanie.dev>

crates/uv-python/src/discovery.rs

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use which::{which, which_all};
 
 use crate::downloads::{ManagedPythonDownloadList, PlatformRequest, PythonDownloadRequest};
 use crate::implementation::ImplementationName;
-use crate::installation::PythonInstallation;
+use crate::installation::{PythonInstallation, PythonInstallationKey};
 use crate::interpreter::Error as InterpreterError;
 use crate::interpreter::{StatusCodeError, UnexpectedResponseError};
 use crate::managed::{ManagedPythonInstallations, PythonMinorVersionLink};
@@ -2975,6 +2975,14 @@ impl VersionRequest {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Check if a [`PythonInstallationKey`] is compatible with the request.
+    ///
+    /// WARNING: Use [`VersionRequest::matches_interpreter`] too. This method is only suitable to
+    /// avoid querying interpreters if it's clear it cannot fulfill the request.
+    pub(crate) fn matches_installation_key(&self, key: &PythonInstallationKey) -> bool {
+        self.matches_major_minor_patch_prerelease(key.major, key.minor, key.patch, key.prerelease())
+    }
+
     /// Whether a patch version segment is present in the request.
     fn has_patch(&self) -> bool {
         match self {

crates/uv-python/src/managed.rs

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ use uv_state::{StateBucket, StateStore};
 use uv_static::EnvVars;
 use uv_trampoline_builder::{Launcher, LauncherKind};
 
+use crate::discovery::VersionRequest;
 use crate::downloads::{Error as DownloadError, ManagedPythonDownload};
 use crate::implementation::{
     Error as ImplementationError, ImplementationName, LenientImplementationName,
@@ -305,15 +306,10 @@ impl ManagedPythonInstallations {
         &'a self,
         version: &'a PythonVersion,
     ) -> Result<impl DoubleEndedIterator<Item = ManagedPythonInstallation> + 'a, Error> {
+        let request = VersionRequest::from(version);
         Ok(self
             .find_matching_current_platform()?
-            .filter(move |installation| {
-                installation
-                    .path
-                    .file_name()
-                    .map(OsStr::to_string_lossy)
-                    .is_some_and(|filename| filename.starts_with(&format!("cpython-{version}")))
-            }))
+            .filter(move |installation| request.matches_installation_key(installation.key())))
     }
 
     pub fn root(&self) -> &Path {
@@ -1399,4 +1395,33 @@ mod tests {
         // Older patch version should not be an upgrade even with newer build
         assert!(!older_patch_newer_build.is_upgrade_of(&newer_patch_older_build));
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_find_version_matching() {
+        use crate::PythonVersion;
+
+        let platform = Platform::from_env().unwrap();
+        let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+
+        // Create mock installation directories
+        fs::create_dir(temp_dir.path().join(format!("cpython-3.10.0-{platform}"))).unwrap();
+
+        temp_env::with_var(
+            uv_static::EnvVars::UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR,
+            Some(temp_dir.path()),
+            || {
+                let installations = ManagedPythonInstallations::from_settings(None).unwrap();
+
+                // Version 3.1 should NOT match 3.10
+                let v3_1 = PythonVersion::from_str("3.1").unwrap();
+                let matched: Vec<_> = installations.find_version(&v3_1).unwrap().collect();
+                assert_eq!(matched.len(), 0);
+
+                // Check that 3.10 matches
+                let v3_10 = PythonVersion::from_str("3.10").unwrap();
+                let matched: Vec<_> = installations.find_version(&v3_10).unwrap().collect();
+                assert_eq!(matched.len(), 1);
+            },
+        );
+    }
 }