Install versioned Python executables into the bin directory during uv python install (#8458)

Updates `uv python install` to link `python3.x` in the executable
directory (i.e., `~/.local/bin`) to the the managed interpreter path.

Includes

- #8569 
- #8571 

Remaining work

- #8663 
- #8650 
- Add an opt-out setting and flag
- Update documentation

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -702,7 +702,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: "Install free-threaded Python via uv"
         run: |
-          ./uv python install 3.13t
+          ./uv python install -v 3.13t
           ./uv venv -p 3.13t --python-preference only-managed
 
       - name: "Check version"
@@ -774,7 +774,7 @@ jobs:
         run: chmod +x ./uv
 
       - name: "Install PyPy"
-        run: ./uv python install pypy3.9
+        run: ./uv python install -v pypy3.9
 
       - name: "Create a virtual environment"
         run: |