Add support for installing versioned Python executables on Windows (#8663)

Incorporating #8637 into #8458 

- Adds `python-managed` feature selection to Windows CI for `python
install` tests
- Adds trampoline sniffing utilities to `uv-trampoline-builder`
- Uses a trampoline to install Python executables into the `PATH` on
Windows

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ jobs:
           # See https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/6940
           UV_LINK_MODE: copy
         run: |
-          cargo nextest run --no-default-features --features python,pypi --workspace --status-level skip --failure-output immediate-final --no-fail-fast -j 20 --final-status-level slow
+          cargo nextest run --no-default-features --features python,pypi,python-managed --workspace --status-level skip --failure-output immediate-final --no-fail-fast -j 20 --final-status-level slow
 
       - name: "Smoke test"
         working-directory: ${{ env.UV_WORKSPACE }}