Update debian Docker tag to v13 (#17695)

This PR contains the following updates:

| Package | Type | Update | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| debian | container | major | `bookworm` → `trixie` |

---

### Configuration

📅 **Schedule**: Branch creation - Between 12:00 AM and 03:59 AM, only on
Monday ( * 0-3 * * 1 ) (UTC), Automerge - At any time (no schedule
defined).

🚦 **Automerge**: Disabled by config. Please merge this manually once you
are satisfied.

♻ **Rebasing**: Whenever PR becomes conflicted, or you tick the
rebase/retry checkbox.

🔕 **Ignore**: Close this PR and you won't be reminded about this update
again.

---

- [ ] <!-- rebase-check -->If you want to rebase/retry this PR, check
this box

---

This PR was generated by [Mend Renovate](https://mend.io/renovate/).
View the [repository job
log](https://developer.mend.io/github/astral-sh/uv).

<!--renovate-debug:eyJjcmVhdGVkSW5WZXIiOiI0Mi45Mi4xIiwidXBkYXRlZEluVmVyIjoiNDIuOTIuMSIsInRhcmdldEJyYW5jaCI6Im1haW4iLCJsYWJlbHMiOlsiYnVpbGQ6c2tpcC1yZWxlYXNlIiwiaW50ZXJuYWwiXX0=-->

---------

Co-authored-by: renovate[bot] <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Zanie Blue <contact@zanie.dev>
Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

.github/workflows/test-system.yml

@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 10
     name: "python on debian"
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: debian:bookworm
+    container: debian:trixie@sha256:5cf544fad978371b3df255b61e209b373583cb88b733475c86e49faa15ac2104
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: "Install Python"
-        run: apt-get update && apt-get install -y python3.11 python3-pip python3.11-venv python3-debian
+        run: apt-get update && apt-get install -y python3 python3-pip python3-venv python3-debian
 
       - name: "Download binary"
         uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093 # v4.3.0
@@ -31,15 +31,15 @@ jobs:
         run: chmod +x ./uv
 
       - name: "Print Python path"
-        run: echo $(which python3.11)
+        run: echo $(which python3)
 
       - name: "Validate global Python install"
-        run: python3.11 scripts/check_system_python.py --uv ./uv --externally-managed
+        run: python3 scripts/check_system_python.py --uv ./uv --externally-managed
 
       - name: "Test `uv run` with system Python"
         run: |
-          ./uv run -p python3.11 -v python -c "import debian"
-          ./uv run -p python3.11 -v --with anyio python -c "import debian"
+          ./uv run -p python3 -v python -c "import debian"
+          ./uv run -p python3 -v --with anyio python -c "import debian"
 
   system-test-fedora:
     timeout-minutes: 10