Patch sysconfig data at install time (#9857)

## Summary

This PR reimplements
[`sysconfigpatcher`](https://github.com/bluss/sysconfigpatcher) in Rust
and applies it to our Python installations at install-time, ensuring
that the `sysconfig` data is more likely to be correct.

For now, we only rewrite prefixes (i.e., any path that starts with
`/install` gets rewritten to the correct absolute path for the current
machine).

Unlike `sysconfigpatcher`, this PR does not yet do any of the following:

- Patch `pkginfo` files.
- Change `clang` references to `cc`.

A few things that we should do as follow-ups, in my opinion:

1. Rewrite
[`AR`](https://github.com/bluss/sysconfigpatcher/blob/c1ebf8ab9274dcde255484d93ce0f1fd1f76a248/src/sysconfigpatcher.py#L61).
2. Remove `-isysroot`, which we already do for newer builds.

crates/uv-python/src/managed.rs

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use crate::libc::LibcDetectionError;
 use crate::platform::Error as PlatformError;
 use crate::platform::{Arch, Libc, Os};
 use crate::python_version::PythonVersion;
-use crate::{PythonRequest, PythonVariant};
+use crate::{sysconfig, PythonRequest, PythonVariant};
 #[derive(Error, Debug)]
 pub enum Error {
     #[error(transparent)]
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ pub enum Error {
     InvalidPythonVersion(String),
     #[error(transparent)]
     ExtractError(#[from] uv_extract::Error),
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    SysconfigError(#[from] sysconfig::Error),
     #[error("Failed to copy to: {0}", to.user_display())]
     CopyError {
         to: PathBuf,
@@ -491,6 +493,21 @@ impl ManagedPythonInstallation {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    /// Ensure that the `sysconfig` data is patched to match the installation path.
+    pub fn ensure_sysconfig_patched(&self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        if cfg!(unix) {
+            if *self.implementation() == ImplementationName::CPython {
+                sysconfig::update_sysconfig(
+                    self.path(),
+                    self.key.major,
+                    self.key.minor,
+                    self.key.variant.suffix(),
+                )?;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     /// Create a link to the managed Python executable.
     ///
     /// If the file already exists at the target path, an error will be returned.