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/*
* BLE Client and Server Coexistence Example
*
* This example demonstrates how to run both BLE client and server
* functionality on the same ESP32 device simultaneously.
*
* The device will:
* - Act as a BLE server, advertising a service with a characteristic
* - Act as a BLE client, scanning for other BLE servers
* - Connect to found servers and interact with their services
* - Handle both incoming and outgoing connections
*
* You can test this example by uploading it to two ESP32 boards.
*
* Author: lucasssvaz
* Based on Arduino BLE examples
*/
#include <BLEDevice.h>
#include <BLEUtils.h>
#include <BLEServer.h>
#include <BLEClient.h>
#include <BLEScan.h>
// Server-side definitions
#define SERVER_SERVICE_UUID "4fafc201-1fb5-459e-8fcc-c5c9c331914b"
#define SERVER_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID "beb5483e-36e1-4688-b7f5-ea07361b26a8"
// Client-side definitions (looking for the same service)
static BLEUUID clientServiceUUID(SERVER_SERVICE_UUID);
static BLEUUID clientCharUUID(SERVER_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID);
// Server objects
BLEServer *pServer = nullptr;
BLECharacteristic *pServerCharacteristic = nullptr;
// Client objects
static boolean doConnect = false;
static boolean clientConnected = false;
static BLERemoteCharacteristic *pRemoteCharacteristic;
static BLEAdvertisedDevice *targetDevice;
static BLEClient *pClient = nullptr;
BLEScan *pBLEScan = nullptr;
// Server callbacks
class ServerCallbacks : public BLEServerCallbacks {
void onConnect(BLEServer *pServer) {
Serial.println("Server: Client connected");
}
void onDisconnect(BLEServer *pServer) {
Serial.println("Server: Client disconnected");
// Restart advertising
BLEDevice::startAdvertising();
}
};
// Characteristic callbacks for server
class CharacteristicCallbacks : public BLECharacteristicCallbacks {
void onWrite(BLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic) {
String value = pCharacteristic->getValue();
Serial.print("Server: Characteristic written, value: ");
Serial.println(value.c_str());
}
void onRead(BLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic) {
Serial.println("Server: Characteristic read");
}
};
// Client callbacks
class ClientCallbacks : public BLEClientCallbacks {
void onConnect(BLEClient *pClient) {
Serial.println("Client: Connected to server");
clientConnected = true;
}
void onDisconnect(BLEClient *pClient) {
Serial.println("Client: Disconnected from server");
clientConnected = false;
}
};
// Client notification callback
static void notifyCallback(BLERemoteCharacteristic *pBLERemoteCharacteristic, uint8_t *pData, size_t length, bool isNotify) {
Serial.print("Client: Notify callback for characteristic ");
Serial.print(pBLERemoteCharacteristic->getUUID().toString().c_str());
Serial.print(" of data length ");
Serial.println(length);
Serial.print("Client: Data: ");
Serial.write(pData, length);
Serial.println();
}
// Scan callbacks
class AdvertisedDeviceCallbacks : public BLEAdvertisedDeviceCallbacks {
void onResult(BLEAdvertisedDevice advertisedDevice) {
Serial.print("Client: Found device: ");
Serial.println(advertisedDevice.toString().c_str());
// Check if this device has our target service
if (advertisedDevice.haveServiceUUID() && advertisedDevice.isAdvertisingService(clientServiceUUID) && !clientConnected) {
Serial.println("Client: Found target service, attempting connection...");
BLEDevice::getScan()->stop();
targetDevice = new BLEAdvertisedDevice(advertisedDevice);
doConnect = true;
}
}
};
bool connectToServer() {
Serial.print("Client: Forming connection to ");
Serial.println(targetDevice->getAddress().toString().c_str());
// Create client if it doesn't exist, otherwise reuse existing one
if (pClient == nullptr) {
pClient = BLEDevice::createClient();
pClient->setClientCallbacks(new ClientCallbacks());
Serial.println("Client: Created new client");
} else {
Serial.println("Client: Reusing existing client");
}
if (!pClient->connect(targetDevice)) {
Serial.println("Client: Failed to connect");
return false;
}
Serial.println("Client: Connected to server");
pClient->setMTU(517); // Request maximum MTU
// Get the service
BLERemoteService *pRemoteService = pClient->getService(clientServiceUUID);
if (pRemoteService == nullptr) {
Serial.print("Client: Failed to find service UUID: ");
Serial.println(clientServiceUUID.toString().c_str());
pClient->disconnect();
return false;
}
Serial.println("Client: Found service");
// Get the characteristic
pRemoteCharacteristic = pRemoteService->getCharacteristic(clientCharUUID);
if (pRemoteCharacteristic == nullptr) {
Serial.print("Client: Failed to find characteristic UUID: ");
Serial.println(clientCharUUID.toString().c_str());
pClient->disconnect();
return false;
}
Serial.println("Client: Found characteristic");
// Read the initial value
if (pRemoteCharacteristic->canRead()) {
String value = pRemoteCharacteristic->readValue();
Serial.print("Client: Initial characteristic value: ");
Serial.println(value.c_str());
}
// Register for notifications if available
if (pRemoteCharacteristic->canNotify()) {
pRemoteCharacteristic->registerForNotify(notifyCallback);
Serial.println("Client: Registered for notifications");
}
return true;
}
void setupServer() {
Serial.println("Setting up BLE Server...");
// Create server
pServer = BLEDevice::createServer();
pServer->setCallbacks(new ServerCallbacks());
// Create service
BLEService *pService = pServer->createService(SERVER_SERVICE_UUID);
// Create characteristic
pServerCharacteristic = pService->createCharacteristic(
SERVER_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID, BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_READ | BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_WRITE | BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_NOTIFY
);
pServerCharacteristic->setCallbacks(new CharacteristicCallbacks());
pServerCharacteristic->setValue("Hello from Coexistence Server");
// Start service
pService->start();
// Start advertising
BLEAdvertising *pAdvertising = BLEDevice::getAdvertising();
pAdvertising->addServiceUUID(SERVER_SERVICE_UUID);
pAdvertising->setScanResponse(true);
pAdvertising->setMinPreferred(0x06);
pAdvertising->setMinPreferred(0x12);
BLEDevice::startAdvertising();
Serial.println("Server: Advertising started");
}
void setupClient() {
Serial.println("Setting up BLE Client...");
// Create scanner
pBLEScan = BLEDevice::getScan();
pBLEScan->setAdvertisedDeviceCallbacks(new AdvertisedDeviceCallbacks());
pBLEScan->setActiveScan(true);
pBLEScan->setInterval(100);
pBLEScan->setWindow(99);
Serial.println("Client: Scanner configured");
}
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println("Starting BLE Client-Server Coexistence Example...");
// Initialize BLE device with a name
BLEDevice::init("ESP32-Coexistence");
// Setup both server and client
setupServer();
setupClient();
// Start initial scan
pBLEScan->start(10, false); // Scan for 10 seconds, don't repeat
Serial.println("Setup complete. Device is advertising as server and scanning as client.");
}
void loop() {
static unsigned long lastServerUpdate = 0;
static unsigned long lastClientWrite = 0;
static unsigned long lastScanStart = 0;
unsigned long currentTime = millis();
// Handle client connection attempts
if (doConnect && !clientConnected) {
if (connectToServer()) {
Serial.println("Client: Successfully connected to remote server");
} else {
Serial.println("Client: Failed to connect, will retry scanning");
// Restart scanning after failed connection
pBLEScan->start(10, false);
}
doConnect = false;
}
// Update server characteristic periodically
if (currentTime - lastServerUpdate > 5000) { // Every 5 seconds
String value = "Server time: " + String(millis() / 1000);
pServerCharacteristic->setValue(value.c_str());
pServerCharacteristic->notify(); // Notify connected clients
Serial.print("Server: Updated characteristic to: ");
Serial.println(value);
lastServerUpdate = currentTime;
}
// Write to remote characteristic if connected as client
if (clientConnected && pRemoteCharacteristic && currentTime - lastClientWrite > 3000) {
if (pRemoteCharacteristic->canWrite()) {
String clientValue = "Client msg: " + String(millis() / 1000);
pRemoteCharacteristic->writeValue(clientValue.c_str(), clientValue.length());
Serial.print("Client: Wrote to remote characteristic: ");
Serial.println(clientValue);
lastClientWrite = currentTime;
}
}
// Restart scanning periodically if not connected
if (!clientConnected && currentTime - lastScanStart > 15000) { // Every 15 seconds
Serial.println("Client: Restarting scan...");
pBLEScan->start(10, false);
lastScanStart = currentTime;
}
delay(100);
}
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
fqbn_append: PartitionScheme=huge_app
requires_any:
- CONFIG_SOC_BLE_SUPPORTED=y
- CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_ENABLE_BT_NIMBLE=y